Lake Baikal, located in southern Siberia near the city of Irkutsk, Russia, is famous for its extraordinarily clear winter ice that often appears turquoise or emerald green when viewed from certain angles. This mesmerizing green hue comes from frozen algae trapped within the thick ice layers, creating abstract patterns and vibrant colors that draw photographers and adventurers worldwide. As the world’s oldest and deepest freshwater lake, Baikal transforms into a frozen wonderland each winter, with ice up to 2 meters thick.
Why Does Lake Baikal’s Ice Turn Green?
The green coloration is primarily caused by phytoplankton and green algae (such as species from genera like Ulothrix and other filamentous types) that bloom under the ice in spring or get trapped during freezing:
- Light penetrates the ultra-clear ice, allowing algae to photosynthesize even in winter.
- As the lake freezes, algae and organic matter become suspended in bubbles, cracks, or layers, tinting the ice green or turquoise.
- Methane bubbles and cracks add to the visual spectacle, but the vivid green often stems from chlorophyll in frozen algae.
Nearby cities like Irkutsk (about 70 km away) and smaller settlements along the shore provide access to this phenomenon, visible from late January to April.
The Magic of Baikal’s Winter Ice
When frozen, Lake Baikal’s surface becomes a vast, walkable expanse:
- Hummocks and shards: Wind and waves create towering turquoise ice formations.
- Cracks and bubbles: Frozen methane rises, forming trapped bubbles that enhance colors.
- Green patterns: Algae create swirling emerald designs visible from above or through the ice.
This natural artistry makes Baikal a top winter destination for ice skating, hovercraft tours, and photography.
Fun Facts About Lake Baikal’s Green Ice
- The ice is so clear you can see dozens of meters down, amplifying the green algal layers.
- Endemic species, including sponges and seals, thrive beneath, but warming trends and algae blooms pose threats.
- Best viewed near Olkhon Island or Listvyanka village, close to Irkutsk.
Lake Baikal’s green-colored ice is a breathtaking reminder of nature’s beauty in one of Russia’s most remote regions. If you’re seeking winter wonders, this Siberian gem should top your list!
