The Kelimutu Crater Lakes on Flores Island, Indonesia, are often dubbed the rainbow-colored hot lakes or three-colored lakes due to their stunning, ever-changing hues. Perched at the summit of Mount Kelimutu volcano, these three volcanic crater lakes shift colors unpredictably from vibrant turquoise, deep green, and rich red to black, white, or brown creating a surreal, rainbow like spectacle in a misty, high altitude setting.
Why Do the Kelimutu Lakes Change Color?
The dramatic color shifts are caused by chemical reactions involving dissolved minerals, volcanic gases, and oxidation processes. Subaqueous fumaroles (underwater vents) release gases like sulfur dioxide, causing upwelling that brings mineral-rich water to the surface. Factors such as oxygen levels, iron oxidation, and pH changes influence the hues: low oxygen often results in blue/green tones, while high oxygen can produce red or black.
Unlike lakes colored by algae, Kelimutu’s changes are purely geochemical and can happen multiple times a year sometimes six times in one year!
The Three Crater Lakes and Their Names
- Tiwu Ata Mbupu (Lake of Old People): Usually blue, located separately to the west.
- Tiwu Nuwa Muri Koo Fai (Lake of Young Men and Maidens): Typically green or turquoise.
- Tiwu Ata Polo (Bewitched or Enchanted Lake): Often red or dark, known for dramatic shifts.
Local Lio tribe folklore believes these lakes are resting places for souls: the elderly in one, young people in another, and evil spirits in the third. Color changes are sometimes seen as omens.
Location and How to Visit Kelimutu
Mount Kelimutu (1,639 meters/5,377 feet) is in Kelimutu National Park on central Flores Island, near the village of Moni. The lakes are acidic and warm due to volcanic activity, but swimming is prohibited.
Best visited at sunrise for misty, ethereal views (start hiking around 4-5 AM). The trail from the parking lot involves stairs and takes 30-45 minutes. Dry season (May-October) offers clearer skies, but morning fog adds magic year round.
Fun Facts About Kelimutu’s Rainbow Lakes
- Colors have included chocolate brown, milky white, and blood red.
- The lakes once appeared on Indonesian banknotes.
- No algae or fish live in the highly acidic water.
- Part of a UNESCO Global Geopark for its unique geology.
If you’re seeking Indonesia hidden gems or natural wonders with rainbow colors, the Kelimutu crater lakes are a must-see. This volcanic masterpiece blends science, myth, and breathtaking beauty plan your Flores adventure today!
